УДК 616.61-004.6

KIDNEY REMODELING OF RATS BY KEEPING THEM ON CARBOHYDRATE FEED

Mokhammad Elvira

the Russian Federation B.N. Yeltsin

speleolog53@mail.ru

Annotation: In recent years, the high level of consumption of foods with high levels of sugar

Шидаков Ю.Х-М., Абдумаликова И.А., Ризк Аль-Касаби Фатима Аззахра Амин,

Мохаммад Элвира

speleolog53@mail.ru

Аннотация: В последние годы высокий уровень потребления продуктов с повышенным

уровнем сахара и подсластителей населением многократно увеличил риск развития метаболического

синдрома и связанного с ним ряда осложнений. В статье подробно описано влияние моноуглеводной

диеты на ремоделирование почки в эксперименте.

Ключевые слова: почки, углеводы, диета, ремоделирование, питание.

Аннотация: Акыркы жылдары калктын кант жана таттуу заттардын деңгээли жогору

болгон тамак-ашты көп колдонушу метаболизм синдромунун өнүгүү коркунучун жана ага

байланыштуу бир катар кыйынчылыктарды көбөйттү. Макалада экспериментте аз углеводдуу

диетанын бөйрөктү калыбына келтирүүгө тийгизген таасири кеңири баяндалган.

Ачкыч сөздөр: бөйрөк, углеводдор, диета, ремоделизация, тамактануу.

Introduction

Over the past 200 years, the sugar intake has increased 25 times of the population, [1,2]. The

attitude of researchers towards this food product varies from sharply negative [3,4] to positive [5] and

everything in between [6]. Such a different effect of sugar on the body is unambiguously impossible

to assess. Sugar refers to carbohydrates. The main component of sugar is sucrose. Sucrose breaks

of sugar and sweeteners in them, the risk of developing obesity, the main complication of sugar

consumption, increases. According to a recent UN report, two-thirds of people in Europe and Central

Asia has obese. Overweight and obesity are the fourth leading cause of death after hypertension,

malnutrition, and tobacco use. Obesity is associated with many non-communicable diseases,

including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. It leads to 12 types of cancer [1,5].

Material and methods

The work was carried out on 10 white outbred rats - males weighing 200 - 250 g.

in compliance with the rules of laboratory practice in the Russian Federation (Order of the Ministry

of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation from August 23, 2010 No. 708 "On

approval of the rules of laboratory practice") based on the laboratory of experimental modeling of

microscope (Japan). At the same time, recording and microphotography were carried out with a

Levenhuk C130 NG digital camera (PRC) coupled with the microscope optical system and a

computer.

Results and discussion

In the pole and central branches of the renal artery, loosening and swelling of the adventitial

membrane are observed. There is atony, thinning, and vacuole dystrophy of the media. Vacuoles in

the form of oat grains are located radially to the axis of the artery and contain deposits of proteins,

fats, and carbohydrates.

As a result of dystonia and thinning of the vascular wall, the arteries acquire bizarre outlines.

In some cases, the opposite walls fuse, and the arteries become 2-stem, in the lumen of which the

coagulated plasma is contained. The endothelium in the form of a detached strip is projected into

membrane, and proliferation of longitudinal muscle fibers. Against this background, there is

collagenization of the musculoelastic cushion and the longitudinal muscle layer, and hypertrophy of

the circular muscle layer.

In the interlobular arteries, there is a thickening and splitting of the basement membrane, and a

decrease in the tone of the vascular wall and its collagenization. As a result, many interlobular arteries

lose their lumen and turn into connective tissue strands. At the level of the interlobular arteries,

microaneurysms, paranasal microbleeds, and connective tissue overgrowth can be observed.

As a result of deep disturbances at the level of the interlobular arteries, it is not possible to

detect the bringing arterioles of the vascular glomerulus of the renal corpuscle. In these cases, diffuse

nodular glomerulosclerosis is noted. In other cases, the phenomena of reticular sclerosis and

dystrophy are observed. Thirdly, cases of hypertrophy of the renal corpuscle, expansion of the

Stellate veins are characterized by a pattern of microangiopathy, which is expressed by

swelling of the wall and accumulation of leukocytes. At the confluence of the interlobular veins into

them, peculiar connective tissue thickenings are formed, which are most likely related to the outflow

of venous blood from the cortical labyrinth of the kidney. The interlobular veins in some areas of the

histological section are full-blooded, which makes the cortical substance look hyperemic. In other

areas, on the contrary, the interlobular veins are not detected, exactly like the interlobular arteries,

and the kidney parenchyma looks drained of blood.

The arc veins receiving blood from the interlobular veins of the cortex and the direct veins

of the medulla of the kidney experience a special load. This is evidenced by the presence of

hypertrophied spirally arranged muscle cells at the confluence of the arc veins and the formation of

interlobular veins. They may take part, along with valves, in regulating the outflow of blood from the

arc veins to the interlobular veins. In the interlobular, pole, and central veins, a combination of

vascular wall remodeling in the form of sclerosis with a violation of hemorheology in the form of

blood separation and thrombosis is noted.

A carbohydrate diet leads to coarsening of the basement membrane located between the

podocytes and the endothelium of the capillaries of the vascular glomerulus, which complicates the

filtration function of the kidney and the formation of primary urine. This leads to a wrinkling of the

Usually, on histological preparations, the number of cross-sections of the proximal convoluted

tubules in the renal cortex is greater than the distal convoluted tubules. The proximal tubules are

stained more intensely than the distal ones. These animals, do not differ pictorially. The lumen of the

tubules is often filled with a mixture of exfoliated epithelium and leukocytes, which is a consequence

of an inflammatory reaction.

Departments of the nephron (thick descending segments of the Henle loop, thin segments of

the Henle loop, thick ascending segments of the Henle loop) cannot be distinguished from each